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1.
Prensa méd. argent ; 104(1): 19-24, 20180000. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1370831

ABSTRACT

This is a presentation related to the study of illness Scripts and medical diagnostic knowledge. The diagnosis of script questionnaire is a new tool to assess a specific dimension of clinical competence, and a model of diagnostic reasoning about medical understanding The studies contributed by several disciplines characterize the developing process of the medical knowledge by the acquisitions of units of organization of the memory that allow to build mental models specifically for the realization of certain forms or events. These cognitive units are called illness Scripts, and are used to chategorize the clinical picture studied and the guides for the take of decisions. This universal model of diagnostic reasoning known as script concordance testing is the continuing profesional development, structured from theory to practice. These aspects are discussed in the article


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis/classification , Decision Making , Education, Medical, Continuing , Clinical Reasoning
2.
Educ. med. super ; 23(4): 238-244, oct.-dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584370

ABSTRACT

Se exponen algunas reflexiones de los autores sobre el enfoque del diagnóstico en clínica. En primer lugar sobre su ubicación en el terreno de lo desconocido y en segundo lugar su enfoque sistémico biosicosocial, el cual rebasa el enfoque sindrómico que no pasa de constituir un recurso muy útil para el diagnóstico de entidades nosológicas. Se prefiere el término problema diagnóstico por ser más abarcador y flexible. Se incluye el diagnóstico etiológico visto como red causal, el diagnóstico de la afectación que produce la enfermedad y el padecer emocional de estas por el paciente.


Some reflections from authors on diagnostic approach in clinical are exposed. First on its location in unknown field and in second place its biopsychosocial systemic approach, which surpasses the syndrome approach that otherwise is a very useful resource for diagnosis of nosologic entities. The term diagnostic problem is more accepted by its extension and flexibility. Etiologic diagnosis is included as a causal agent, diagnosis affection provoking the disease and its emotional illness y patient.


Subject(s)
Clinical Diagnosis/classification , Clinical Diagnosis
3.
CES med ; 23(1,supl): 27-35, ene.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565208

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en Colombia no se ha reportado ningún caso de úlcera de Buruli (UB), aún teniendo regiones con características similares a zonas endémicas. En nuestro medio, la proximidad geográfica y las condiciones ambientales similares con los países de Sur y Centro América donde se han reportado casos, motivan a buscar activamente pacientes sospechosos de UB, y aplicar técnicas de laboratorio moleculares específicas para brindar un adecuado diagnóstico. Objetivo: buscar casos de úlcera de Buruli (UB) en Urabá chocoano y antioqueño, (Colombia) durante el año 2006. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron casos provenientes de las áreas de estudio, para establecer la causa etiológica de las lesiones utilizando métodos de diagnóstico clínico, microbiológico, histopatológico y molecular. Resultados: en cinco pacientes (6%) no se pudo establecer la causa etiológica de la úlcera (leishmaniosis, micosis, úlceras venosas o arteriales, cáncer). El examen clínico de estos pacientes no fue concluyente de UB, sin embargo debido a la falta de documentación de casos en Colombia, se procesó biopsia de la lesión para detectar ADN de Mycobacterium ulcerans por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Todas las pruebas de PCR fueron negativas para ADN de Mycobacterium ulcerans. Conclusiones: debido a indicadores epidemiológicos que señalan a Colombia con condiciones geográficas y ambientales similares a las que se presentan en regiones endémicas, como Perú, Guyana Francesa, México, Surinam, es necesario continuar con su búsqueda.


Introduction: in Colombia there are no reported cases of Buruli ulcer (BU), however the geographic and environmental characteristics are similar to endemic regions, and the proximity to other countries in South and Central America where there are reported cases, makes it an important issue to search for them, using molecular techniques specific for BU diagnostic. Objectives: to search for Buruli ulcer (BU) at the Urabá region of Chocó and Antioquia in Colombia, during 2006. Materials and methods: patients with skin ulcer from the study region were tested to establish the etiologic cause of the lesions, using clinical, microbiological, pathological and molecular methods. Results: Five patients were tested for BU using PCR test, since other etiologic causes of the ulcer (leishmaniosis, mycosis, venous or arterial ulcer, others) were not determined. Clinical examination of the patients was not conclusive of BU; but due to the lack of documented cases in Colombia, biopsies were taken from patients for detection of M. ulcerans by PCR. All the samples samples tested negative for DNA of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Conclusions: due to the epidemiological indicators that show that Colombia has the geographic and environmental conditions similar to endemic regions, as Perú, French Guyana, México and Surinam it is necessary to continue with the search.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis/classification , Clinical Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Diagnosis , Mycobacterium ulcerans/growth & development , Buruli Ulcer/classification , Buruli Ulcer/diagnosis , Colombia
4.
Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul ; 31(2): 112-115, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567008

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Pretende-se analisar o perfil de respostas qualitativas a um questionário padronizado anônimo, com itens abertos e fechados, sobre a percepção dos psiquiatras brasileiros acerca do uso dos sistemas diagnósticos multiaxiais CID-10 e DSM-IV e de suas expectativas quanto às próximas revisões (CID-11 e DSM-V). Método: O questionário, elaborado por Graham Mellsop (Nova Zelândia), foi traduzido e enviado para 1.050 psiquiatras afiliados à Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria. Resultados: Retornaram 160 questionários (15,2%). Nestes, 71,1% das questões abertas foram respondidas. As principais qualidades julgadas necessárias ou desejadas em uma classificação psiquiátrica foram: simplicidade, clareza de critérios, objetividade, compreensibilidade, confiabilidade e facilidade de uso. O eixo I da CID-10 foi citado como o mais utilizado pelo caráter instrumental e pelo fato de ser a classificação oficial, inclusive para fins burocráticos e legais. O DSM-IV também é bastante utilizado no cotidiano, sobretudo para ensino e pesquisa, por psiquiatras com afiliações acadêmicas. O uso menos frequente de sistemas multiaxiais foi justificado pela falta de treino e de familiaridade, pela sobrecarga de informações e pelo fato de não serem obrigatórios. Avaliou-se que algumas categorias diagnósticas, entre outras, devem ser revistas, como: retardo mental, transtornos alimentares, de personalidade, do sono, da infância e adolescência, quadros ansiosos, afetivos, esquizoafetivos. Conclusão: O material fornece um panorama sobre as opiniões e expectativas dos psiquiatras a respeito dos instrumentos diagnósticos dos quais se servem ativamente em sua prática diária e cujas revisões estão em pleno processo de elaboração.


Introduction: The objective of the present study was to analyze the qualitative answers of an anonymous standardized survey including qualitative and quantitative questions about the Brazilian psychiatrists’ perceptions on their use of the multiaxial diagnostic systems ICD-10 and DSM-IV and about their expectations regarding future revisions of these classifications (ICD-11 and DSM-V). Method: The questionnaire, elaborated by Graham Mellsop (New Zealand), was translated into Portuguese and sent through mail to 1,050 psychiatrists affiliated to the Brazilian Psychiatry Association. The quantitative analysis is presented elsewhere. Results: One hundred and sixty questionnaires returned (15.2%). From these, 71.1% of the open questions where answered. The most needed and/or desirable qualities in a psychiatric classification were found to be: simplicity, clarity of criteria, objectivity, comprehensibility, reliability, and ease to use. Axis I of the ICD-10 was reported to be the most used due to its instrumental character in addition to being the official classification also for legal and bureaucratic purposes. The DSM-IV was also used in the everyday practice, mostly for education and research purposes, by psychiatrists with academic affiliations. The less frequent use of the multiaxial systems was explained by the lack of training and familiarity, the overload of information and by the fact they are not mandatory. Based on the respondents’ answers, we concluded that some diagnostic categories must be revised, such as: mental retardation, eating disorders, personality disorders, sleeping disorders, child and adolescent disorders, affective, and schizoaffective disorders. Conclusion: This material offers a systematic overview of the psychiatrists’ opinions and expectations concerning the diagnostic instruments used in their daily practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Clinical Diagnosis/classification , Clinical Diagnosis/diagnosis , Clinical Diagnosis/history , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Psychiatry/classification , Psychiatry/history , Psychiatry/methods , Psychiatry , Psychiatry/trends
5.
Rev. bras. colo-proctol ; 27(4): 423-431, out.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-476745

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo, quarenta pacientes selecionadas com endometriose pélvica e utilizando do método videolaparoscópico de corrida dos órgãos peritoneais na endometriose (COPE), puderam verificar se suas queixas encontram-se correlacionadas aos achados de lesões no trato gastrintestinal. O estudo avaliou 21 pacientes com e 19 pacientes sem sinais e sintomas gastrintestinais, visando estabelecer: associações e correlações entre os parâmetros clínicos que sinalizam a presença de focos endometrióticos e as localizações das lesões em cada segmento do trato gastrintestinal (TGI) e a correlação entre o estadiamento da endometriose (ASRM, 1996) e o comprometimento intestinal. A pesquisa atestou, de modo significativo, a correlação entre a presença dos sintomas gastrintestinais em conseqüência das lesões no trato gastrintestinal. Os sinais e sintomas gastrintestinais significativamente relacionados com a presença de endometriose ginecológica localizada no segmento retossigmóide e/ou íleo e com comprometimento do trato gastrintestinal foram: o puxo e o tenesmo cíclico, dor em cólica cíclica, obstipação cíclica, diarréia cíclica, dor acíclica, fezes afiladas e o sangramento intestinal cíclico. O estádio IV (ASRM) correlacionou-se com a presença de endometriose no trato gastrintestinal. O presente estudo demonstrou a correlação positiva dos sinais e sintomas gastrointestinais e ginecológicos e o estadiamento da doença ginecológica com o comprometimento gastrointestinal pela doença.


The peritoneal organs of 40 patients with pelvic endometriosis were scanned for endometriosis in this study by the videolaparoscopic method to verify the relation of their complaints with lesions found in the gastrointestinal tract. Twenty one of these patients who had gastrointestinal signs and symptoms and 19 who did not, were evaluated in order to establish associations and correlations between clinical parameters pointing to endometriotic lesions and sites of these lesions in each segment of the gastrointestinal tract as well as to correlate between the staging of the endometriosis and intestinal injury. Research significantly confirmed the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms as a consequence of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, significantly related with gynecological endometriosis in the rectum and sigmoid segment and/or ileum and with injury of the gastrointestinal tract, were cyclic tenesmus, cyclic colic pain, cyclic obstipation, cyclic diarrhea, acyclic pain, thin stools and cyclic intestinal bleeding. The ASRM l996 Stage IV correlated with the presence of endometriosis in the gastrointestinal tract. The study demonstrates the positive correlation of gastrointestinal and gynecological signs and symptoms and the staging of the gynecological disease with gastrointestinal injury from the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Clinical Diagnosis/classification , Endometriosis , Gastrointestinal Tract , Laparoscopy/methods
6.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 36(2): 67-69, 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-490783

ABSTRACT

Recentemente, o Grupo de Infecções Fúngicos Invasivas da Organização Européia de Pesquisa e Tratamento do Câncer (EORTC) e o Grupo de Micoses do Instituo Nacional de Alergia e Doenças Infecciosas dos Estados Unidos da América (NIAID) apresentaram uma proposta de padronização de critérios para o diagnóstico das infecções fúngicas invasivas em pacientes imunocomprometidos. Três níveis de probabilidades foram propostos (provada, provável, possível) tendo como base fatores relacionados aos hospedeiro, fatores clínicos e fatores microbiológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Diagnosis/classification , Fungi/virology , Immunocompromised Host , Opportunistic Infections , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Patient Compliance , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
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